Autoimmune disorders that are associated with hyperthyroidism are called Graves’ paradise. This disorder is sometimes called Parry disease.
Graves ‘disease is the most common hyperthyroidism in women. In addition to the symptoms of hypothyroidism, most people with Graves’ disease will also develop ocular symptoms. One of the treatment modalities for Graves’ disease is the use of radioactive iodine.
Studies have shown that treatment of Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine may exacerbate ocular morbidity, however radioactive iodine is often used to treat Graves’ cases that do not have severe ocular symptoms.
Read more about Grave’s disease treatment radioactive iodine below.
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Brief overview of the prevalence and epidemiology
Women are seven to ten times more likely to get Graves than men.
The prevalence of Graves’ disease is lower in men.
And eye problems such as:
- Redness of the eyes
- Feeling of irritation of the eyes
- Feeling of grittiness
- Inflammation of the eyes and conjunctivitis
- Dry eye
- Excessive tearing
- Swelling of the eyelids
- Sensitivity of the eyes to light
- Forward displacement or bulging of the eyes (proptosis)
- diplopia
How is Graves’ disease diagnosed?
Clinical signs along with the results of laboratory tests:
- TSH
- T4
- T3
- Or free T3
- RAI-U or radioactive iodine uptake
- Radioactive scanning should not be performed in pregnant or lactating women.
How is Graves’ disease treated?
Therapeutic modalities include:
- Medications (They continue to control hypothyroidism.)
- Beta blocker drugs such as Propranolol are used to control increased heart rate, which is a cardiac symptom of Graves’ disease.
- Medications to control sweating and restlessness, which this type of medication therapy controls the symptoms.
- Methimazole
- Surgical treatment or Thyroidectomy
- Treatment of Graves with radioactive iodine
Graves’ disease will often respond well to treatments.
Occasionally, after surgery or treatment with radioactive iodine, hypothyroidism occurs, and doctors replace thyroid hormone in the form of pills to prevent the symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as decreased mood, etc.
Treatment of Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine
This treatment should not be used in children under five years of age, and under certain conditions, Graves’ disease will be treated in children with radioactive iodine.
Treatment of Graves with radioactive iodine may aggravate ocular disorders and proptosis of the affected person, so physicians usually use radioactive iodine for people who do not have severe ocular disorders.
For treatment with radioactive iodine, the person will be given oral radioactive iodine or radioiodine orally.
The thyroid gland has cells that are always thirsty for iodine and absorb almost all of the iodine they consume, so Iodine that is radioactively labeled and ingested by an infected person is absorbed by the thyroid gland’s hormonal cells.
The radioactivity in iodine will kill the overactive thyroid cells over time. The person’s symptoms will decrease significantly over time, Demonstrations of recovery will often appear within a few weeks to months after starting hydradioactive therapy.
What are the side effects of treating Graves with radioactive iodine?
- Exacerbation of Graves’s ocular symptoms (this method is prohibited in people with moderate to severe Graves’s eye complications).
- Hypersensitivity in the neck of an infected person treated with hydradioactive.
- Occasionally there is a temporary increase in thyroid hormones that will be transient.
- Radioactive iodine should not be used in pregnant or lactating women because it may reduce fetal and neonatal thyroid activity.
- After treatment, a person may become hyperthyroid and be treated with levothyroxine tablets for the rest of their lives.