If you are a person who feels a strong desire to die or you are in contact with a friend in whom you find thoughts of interest in death, we recommend that you read on.
what you will read next :
Introduction
Suicide is said to be one of the most important personal and social harms that is mainly seen among addicts as well as the psychiatric patients. It is said that a person who commits suicide believes that he has not achieved his goals and desires in life and life has lost its meaning and therefore death is better than living. In the definition of suicide, we must say that suicide is a conscious and completely voluntary process and action that a person does with full awareness and will to end his life. Suicide may be successful or unsuccessful.
In the following, we will talk more about suicide, types of suicide, as well as how to help someone who has thoughts that tend to die.
Definition of suicide
suicide is a death that is caused by self-harm. An attempt to commit suicide is called a suicide attempt.
And it is said that a person harms himself and his life in order to end his life, but during this process, does not succeed and survives.
suicide is a completely voluntary and conscious process. And the individual voluntarily and ultimately consciously decides to end his life.
Suicide epidemiology
The following is a statistic obtained in the United States. According to these statistics, it is said that for every one hundred thousand people in the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine points five, person has committed suicide.
Also, this number has reached fourteen points of two people, per one hundred thousand people per year, and two thousand eight hundred and thirteen points of nine people per one hundred thousand people, in the year two thousand and nineteen.
In the year 2019, the suicide rate among men was 3.7 times higher than the suicide rate among women.
Suicide rate in the United States in 2019 Among the men who committed suicide was twenty-two points, four per 100,000 males and six females per 100,000 females.
So we see that suicide is more common among men than women, in other words, men have more successful suicides than women.
What are the risk factors for suicide?
Major risks related to suicide are as follows:
In other words, there are some factors that if a person has the person is more at risk of committing suicide than the normal population of the society, these major risks are as follows:
- Have a previous history of suicide attempts
- A person who suffers from alcohol abuse
- A person who is abusing drugs
- A person with mental disorders, especially those with major depression or other mood disorders
- In other words, people who have easy access to lethal tools are more likely to commit suicide.
- Social isolation
- Having chronic diseases and disabilities and physical disabilities
- It is also said that if a person finds out that a person has lost himself in suicide, he is more inclined to commit suicide. Especially if this person was a member of his family.
Men, especially older men, are more likely than women, ,to commit suicide.
- Also, people with legal problems.
- People with a family history of suicide.
- People who consider themselves as sexual victims
- A person with a history of self-harm
These groups include people who have factors that cannot be adjusted, but there are some risk factors that can be adjusted, such as:
- people with anxiety disorders
- people who have a stressful life, For example, people who have gone bankrupt and then have a lot of mental health problems.
These people are people who need to be examined for support in order to moderate their thoughts.
What are the types of suicide?
- egoistic suicide:
This suicide is the result of feelings of loneliness and isolation, mental disorder and introversion. In this type of suicide, the individual’s solidarity to family life is very weak. Because the closer the family members are, the more intimacy there is, and a person’s safety increases relative to suicidal ideation.
The suicide rate is said to be relatively slightly higher among single people, and this fact confirms this claim.
- altruistic suicide
A person who commits this type of suicide feels a deep and strong moral duty. This person likes to sacrifice himself to others so that he can do something positive for them, when a person feels a strong sense of solidarity with another person or a united and cohesive group, he knows the norms of the group, and will not differentiate between his own interests and those of the group, for example When a spy is arrested, he swallows a cyanide poison capsule before he can speak. Suicide is more prevalent in societies with high group affiliation, and individual life is tightly controlled by a set of common habits.
This type of suicide is also sometimes seen in modern societies in the squads where archetypal patterns are still prevalent.
- Suicide due to abnormality or anomic suicide
If the control that society has over the norms is removed or this supervision is weak, a state of disorder will be created in the society. Anomalies stem from a weakening of the moral conscience and are often accompanied by major economic, political, and social crises.
When there is an imbalance between unbridled desires and the means of referring them, internal conflicts are provoked and lead to suicide.
- When a society is in severe social and economic crisis
- When inflation is severe in society
The probability of suicide increases for these reasons.
And Because social norms are so weakened in these circumstances, anomic suicide due to anomaly is contrasted with traditional suicides that are egoistic.
In this type of suicide, a person does not end his life because he has broken the norm, but he will commit suicide because after a lot of effort, life has become a mirage and meaningless.
- fatalistic suicide
This suicide is considered as a reaction to the extreme control of the society, when society creates order to a great extent, and the person is severely under the control and supervision of society, he or she finds everything uncontrollably soulless. In these cases, the person is deprived of the right to choose and the person under forced conditions cannot provide goals and ways to achieve them.
The above four types of suicide are defined by Dr. Emile Durkheim.
Consider a few other suicides that we have listed below.
Other types of suicide
- Euthanasia
This type of suicide is sometimes called easy death. This type of suicide is for incurable diseases and with the patient’s consent, the treating physician is asked to assist the patient in having a comfortable death. This type of death is usually performed by injecting a high dose of the drug or cutting off oxygen or disconnecting the device on which the patient’s life depends. The Netherlands and Canada indirectly legalize Euthanasia in cases where the person has an incurable disease.
- Ritual suicides
In contrast to the religions and denominations that consider suicide a sin, there are religions in the world that believe that suicide can be considered sacred. Samurai are said to be a prime example of this. Samurai consider suicide an honor and commit it when they have committed a sin and consider themselves worthy of death, and for this reason they lower the sword in their bellies in a special way, after which they must be destroyed.
- Compassionate suicides
A person who commits this type of suicide aims to attract the attention of those around him, so these people usually plan a failed suicide and have a dramatic move in order to attract the attention of others, for example, people commit suicide after a love failure.
- latent suicides
It is said that the highest number of suicides is related to latent suicides. In latent suicide or chronic suicide, the person does not commit ordinary suicides in appearance, but the person in question will consciously engage in actions and behaviors that he knows are likely to develop physical disorders and problems and despite the various warnings from friends and doctors around him, he continues to work on his harms. Using illicit drugs and alcohol addiction or not using the necessary drugs for treatment are among the items that should be included in this group.
What are the previous behaviors of suicide attempts?
What behaviors have people who commit suicide done before committing suicide? These people usually have some common behavioral characteristics. Most of these people are in the lower economic level of society, Chronic Anxiety, Depression and Threatening to Suicide is one of the most important symptoms that a person experiences before committing suicide.
These people think and believe that they are facing a very big problem that is unbearable and the only solution is death. Their behaviors are the result of complex interactions between family, social factors and the doctor. There are some changes in society that are associated with an increase in suicide among young people, or rather related to an increase in suicide among young people. These include factors that increase depression, decrease family stability, increase access to lethal devices.
It is said that the biggest wave among young people in Europe, in which young people committed suicide widely, was during World War II.
- Collective unemployment
- The failures of war that occurred even among highly educated people
- Decreased religious beliefs following war crises
- Also, the need to tolerate critical behaviors and the effects of divorce on children increased the suicide rate among young people in Europe during World War II.
Many factors are said to be related to suicide:
- Male sex
- Being a widow
- Being Single
- economic crisis
- Living in big cities
- History of family disputes in childhood and mental disorders and physical illnesses
puts a person more and more at risk of committing suicide.
What are the key pre-suicide indicators?
Depression and sadness, History of suicide in the individual, History of suicide in the family, Breaking in in intimate and emotional relationships, Social isolation Poverty, Unemployment, Deprivation, Direct or indirect talk about suicide, Writing a will and planning a program of aggressive behaviors at home or in the community and families that are conflicted and disturbed, Sudden changes in behavior such as the transition from depression to joys and happiness that mask the underlying mental states, restlessness, abnormal restlessness, self-morbid personality disorder, substance and alcohol use, loss of parents, children and close friends and spouse, history Hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, incurable and chronic sexually transmitted diseases, harassment and intolerable effects.
A brief look at the above that shows most people who have committed suicide have developed these characteristics before attempting suicide, makes us realize that we can be of great help for the person before the suicide occurs.